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Rich Carreiro
Posted: Tue Aug 05, 2008 11:56 pm
Guest
A relative of my wife's who is a Pennsylvania resident died
last year.

The executrix of the estate is the decedent's sister. To
be very clear, no lawyer or law firm was named as the executor
of the estate.

The executrix has reported to my wife that the lawyer the executrix
has engaged (the same lawyer who drew up the decedent's will) claims
that he, the laywer, is entitled under PA statute to some minimum
percentage of the estate.

That sounds totally and completely bogus to me.

I could see it if the lawyer *was the executor* of the estate.
However, that is *not* the case here.

In other words, I think the estate is basically being ripped
off by the guy.

I was therefore wondering if any of you with knowledge of PA
probate law could give me some pointers (to PA statutes,
PA probate FAQs, etc.) to documentation showing (hopefully) that
this lawyer is mistaken or lying, so that I can get this information
to the executrix before she pays out any more money to the lawyer.

Thank you!

--
Rich Carreiro rlc-news@rlcarr.com

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Elizabeth Richardson
Posted: Wed Aug 06, 2008 4:07 am
Guest
"Rich Carreiro" <rlc-news@rlcarr.com> wrote in message
news:m34p5z81sg.fsf@swing-shift.time-tripper.com...
Quote:

The executrix has reported to my wife that the lawyer the executrix
has engaged (the same lawyer who drew up the decedent's will) claims
that he, the laywer, is entitled under PA statute to some minimum
percentage of the estate.

That sounds totally and completely bogus to me.


Rich, I don't know PA laws, but I can tell you that such is the law in
California, so your scenario sounds, if not reasonable, then legally
accurate. The executor/trix is also allowed to charge a percentage of
assets.

Elizabeth Richardson

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dapperdobbs
Posted: Wed Aug 06, 2008 1:15 pm
Guest
Usually the State webpage has pages of laws. Self-help law
associations are also a source. It doesn't cost much to consult with
an attorney, and some offices might point you to the exact statute or
codicil for free. You must speak to an attorney licensed in the State.

I only took one course in business law (!) but I know of at least one
State where the attorney of record is entitled ONLY to reasonable fees
and expenses, as contracted. To make that definite, in three states
that I cursorily know of, only the executor / trix appointed in the
Will is entitled to a percent of the estate's value. You are not bound
by any law I know of to hire the attorney who drew up the Will.

Parenthetically - If the estate requires active management during the
settlement process (selling real estate, stocks, or re-allocating
assets, for example), the executrix is entitled to reasonable
management fees and expenses. These may be (that I know of) calculated
based on comparable asset management fees in the industry, but there
must be sound justification (the IRS will look closely and may seek to
reduce those if it feels there is no reasonable diligence involved to
earn them in necessary steps to *safeguard the estate value*).

The percent of the estate (and any management fees and expenses) are
received as ordinary income to the executrix, and reduce the value of
the estate. Money paid to attorneys is deductible to the estate. Since
estate taxes are often higher than the executor's tax bracket, the
appointment of an executor is often used as a tax-saving device. I
have never heard of an attorney receiving a percent of the estate. The
attorney is HIRED as a mere clerk and accountant and is NOT named as
an heir.

I'll check the PA website, but you are in a much better position than
myself to contact a disinterested attorney's office and ask for
directions :-)

On Aug 5, 7:45 pm, Rich Carreiro <rlc-n...@rlcarr.com> wrote:
[snip]
Quote:
The executrix has reported to my wife that the lawyer the executrix
has engaged (the same lawyer who drew up the decedent's will) claims
that he, the laywer, is entitled under PA statute to some minimum
percentage of the estate.
Rich Carreiro  

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dapperdobbs
Posted: Wed Aug 06, 2008 1:15 pm
Guest
On Aug 5, 7:45 pm, Rich Carreiro <rlc-n...@rlcarr.com> wrote:
[snip]
Quote:
That sounds totally and completely bogus to me.
[snip]
Rich Carreiro

Right y'are.

The Statutes search engine is no help at all, so I went to the
reliable source, the Tax department of the State of PA, inheritance
tax. Pls note that for siblings the rate is 12% but if you file within
three months of date of death, you get a 5% discount - definitely
worth it. I would assume you could estimate and overpay, then file an
ammended return, but check on it.

The direct link (if it works) is:

http://www.revenue.state.pa.us/revenue/cwp/browse.asp?a=190&bc=0&c=34165&revenuePNavCtr=|&TNID=1546#1546

Click on:

REV-1501
Instructions for Form REV-1500

[the text below is from page 13 or thereabouts]

B. ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
[snip]
Attorney fees must be reasonable given the number and nature
of the assets to be administered, the value of those assets, the
complexity of the issues involved, and the time necessary to set-
tle the estate. The Department of Revenue does not recognize a
set percentage fee or fee schedule. Any circumstances which
necessitate fees above that which would normally be incurred
should be described in an attachment to the tax return.
[snip]

(Only because of the high regard I have for your posts dude, did I
find this! :-)

IMO a good and honest attorney should charge based on the time he
spends.

Condolences as appropriate.

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HW \"Skip\" Weldon
Posted: Wed Aug 06, 2008 6:50 pm
Guest
On Tue, 5 Aug 2008 18:45:01 -0500, Rich Carreiro <rlc-news@rlcarr.com>
wrote:


Quote:
The executrix has reported to my wife that the lawyer the executrix
has engaged (the same lawyer who drew up the decedent's will) claims
that he, the laywer, is entitled under PA statute to some minimum
percentage of the estate.
That sounds totally and completely bogus to me.

Thanks to dapperdobbs I suspect you have your answer.

My suspicion also is that if you were to contact the lawyer in
question and question him/her closely, what you would discover is not
so much an unscrupulous lawyer as a lack of good communication between
lawyer and personal representative.

But whether it is fee abuse or lousy communication, assuming the PR
has not signed any contracts with the lawyer I would fire the lawyer.
You might also consider helping/advising the PR, who sounds like she
could use someone like you.



-HW "Skip" Weldon
Columbia, SC

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Tad Borek
Posted: Wed Aug 06, 2008 7:45 pm
Guest
Elizabeth Richardson wrote:
Quote:
Rich, I don't know PA laws, but I can tell you that such is the law in
California, so your scenario sounds, if not reasonable, then legally
accurate. The executor/trix is also allowed to charge a percentage of
assets.

Elizabeth is correct, CA does have statutory fees for both the attorney
and personal representative, stated as percentages of the gross estate.
But those are maximum fees, and while attorneys may use them as their
standard fee, the PR is free to negotiate a lower one with an attorney.
(Higher fees can't be negotiated or charged, unless they are for
extraordinary services that aren't normally required in estate
administration).

It's been awhile since I looked at a PA estate but my recollection is
that PA doesn't have a percentage-based statutory fee. I just looked on
the PA bar web site and their consumer pamphlet on estate planning
states, "Talk to your lawyer to find out whether services will be based
on an hourly fee, a flat rate, or on a percentage of the estate assets
and what would work best for you."
http://www.pabar.org/public/membership/conleg.asp

-Tad

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Gil Faver
Posted: Wed Aug 06, 2008 7:45 pm
Guest
"HW "Skip" Weldon" <skip5700removethis@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:44bj94103fpncr22lfi1psh3tu900599t1@4ax.com...
Quote:
On Tue, 5 Aug 2008 18:45:01 -0500, Rich Carreiro <rlc-news@rlcarr.com
wrote:


The executrix has reported to my wife that the lawyer the executrix
has engaged (the same lawyer who drew up the decedent's will) claims
that he, the laywer, is entitled under PA statute to some minimum
percentage of the estate.
That sounds totally and completely bogus to me.

Thanks to dapperdobbs I suspect you have your answer.

My suspicion also is that if you were to contact the lawyer in
question and question him/her closely, what you would discover is not
so much an unscrupulous lawyer as a lack of good communication between
lawyer and personal representative.

But whether it is fee abuse or lousy communication, assuming the PR
has not signed any contracts with the lawyer I would fire the lawyer.
You might also consider helping/advising the PR, who sounds like she
could use someone like you.

I would ask the attorney to put that in writing. then fire him/her and send
the info to the State Bar Association.

Of course, he likely will not be willing to put it in writing, so you can
ask him "why not?"

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Don
Posted: Wed Aug 06, 2008 11:07 pm
Guest
On 2008-08-05 16:45:01 -0700, Rich Carreiro <rlc-news@rlcarr.com> said:

Quote:
The executrix has reported to my wife that the lawyer the executrix
has engaged (the same lawyer who drew up the decedent's will) claims
that he, the laywer, is entitled under PA statute to some minimum
percentage of the estate.

That sounds totally and completely bogus to me.

I could see it if the lawyer *was the executor* of the estate.
However, that is *not* the case here.

I suspect that a lot depends on the actual amount of the fees and the
size of the estate. If the lawyer's fee is 3% of a $50,000 estate, it
is probably reasonable, but if it is 3% of a two million dollar estate,
it is outrageous. Working with "percentages" is a bad approach and
leads to abuses. What is important is that a lawyer should be paid his
or her usual, reasonable hourly fee for the actual legal work that is
done, and not receive a windfall just because it is an estate. The same
goes for the executor. It is the responsibility of an executor to hire
lawyers, accountants, stock brokers, and any other professionals as the
need arises. Some estates may require specialized advice, some may not.
None of these people should be paid inflated fees just because an
estate with a lot of money is involved. Unfortunately the attitude
often seems to be: "There is a lot of money there, so my cut will not
be missed."

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kastnna
Posted: Wed Aug 06, 2008 11:07 pm
Guest
Yeah for estate planning!

But seriously, numerous states have laws similar to CA's that allow an
attorney to collect a fee based on the assets in the estate. It is
common to have a step-rate system (e.g. 6% of 1st $10,000; 4% of
everything else up to $1,000,000; 1% of everything over). In Rich's
case it appears PA does not have such law, but "reasonable" is often
not agreed upon. Here, in AL, a court must approve an attorney's fees,
but as much as 4% is not uncommon for more complex estates.

[Soapbox]:
I commonly hear "I don't need estate planning because my estate won't
be more than $X, so I won't owe taxes anyway". I've seen $1M estates
with $25k in fees that could have been almost totally avoided with $4k
in estate planning. Other than tax avoidance (the "biggie"), keep in
mind that estate planning also removes assets from your estate. The
lower the probate estate the lower the fees. Just one more thing to
consider when deciding if estate planning is necessary.

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dapperdobbs
Posted: Wed Aug 06, 2008 11:07 pm
Guest
Very much esteemed Elizabeth,

Please escuse me if my post seemed to slight yours - I'm not familiar
with CA laws, and obviously I erred saying "I have never heard of ..."
since you had just written that CA has fees based on estate value. And
you are correct. Apologies for my very sloppy posting mind - it
slipped :-)

Best,
Dapper

On Aug 5, 8:07 pm, "Elizabeth Richardson" <erich...@worldnet.att.net>
wrote:
Quote:

Rich, I don't know PA laws, but I can tell you that such is the law in
California, so your scenario sounds, if not reasonable, then legally
accurate. The executor/trix is also allowed to charge a percentage of
assets.

Elizabeth Richardson

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Rich Carreiro
Posted: Thu Aug 07, 2008 5:30 am
Guest
I did some more googling and among other things came up
with the following from the Pennsylvania Bar Association
website itself. In a pamphlet on estate planning, under
the heading "Costs of Probate", the PA Bar Association says:
"Talk to your lawyer to find out whether services will be based on
an hourly fee, a flat rate, or on a percentage of the estate assets
and what would work best for you."

That would appear to put paid to any claim that there's a
state-mandated minimum percentage the attorney is entitled to.

Some more googling did turn up a fee schedule table that supposedly
a number of PA judges use to assess reasonableness of fees. But
that's just the opposite -- that's the largest percentage that
is considered reasonable (e.g. an effective MAXIMUM fee), not
a minimum entitlement, as well as a cite that there's no statutory
provision for attorney's fees in probate cases.

--
Rich Carreiro rlc-news@rlcarr.com

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Don
Posted: Thu Aug 07, 2008 10:23 am
Guest
On 2008-08-06 18:30:35 -0700, Rich Carreiro <rlc-news@rlcarr.com> said:

Quote:
I did some more googling and among other things came up
with the following from the Pennsylvania Bar Association
website itself. In a pamphlet on estate planning, under
the heading "Costs of Probate", the PA Bar Association says:
"Talk to your lawyer to find out whether services will be based on
an hourly fee, a flat rate, or on a percentage of the estate assets
and what would work best for you."

The ideal situation is where one of the heirs serves as executor and
receives a reasonable fee for his or her services. In that situation
there is no need to have an "estate lawyer" who is paid a percentage of
the assets. In most estates, the work involved is not all that
demanding, and it can be done by someone without much experience.
Unless unexpected complications arise, the costs of legal work can be
held to a minimum. In fact, preservation of the estate's assets and
making sure the heirs receive as much as possible is one of the legal
responsibilities of an executor.

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Elizabeth Richardson
Posted: Thu Aug 07, 2008 7:45 pm
Guest
"Don" <dwzimm@telus.net> wrote in message
news:2008080623134950878-dwzimm@telusnet...
Quote:
On 2008-08-06 18:30:35 -0700, Rich Carreiro <rlc-news@rlcarr.com> said:

In most estates, the work involved is not all that demanding, and it can be
done by someone without much experience. Unless unexpected complications
arise, the costs of legal work can be held to a minimum. In fact,
preservation of the estate's assets and making sure the heirs receive as
much as possible is one of the legal responsibilities of an executor.

Ah, but here's the rub. Being an executor is not a job with which most of us
have familiarity. Most executors don't know what work needs to be done and
must consult an attorney to learn the ropes.

Elizabeth Richardson

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kastnna
Posted: Thu Aug 07, 2008 7:45 pm
Guest
On Aug 7, 12:15 pm, "Elizabeth Richardson" <erich...@worldnet.att.net>
wrote:

Quote:
In most estates, the work involved is not all that demanding, and it can be
done by someone without much experience. Unless unexpected complications
arise, the costs of legal work can be held to a minimum. In fact,
preservation of the estate's assets and making sure the heirs receive as
much as possible is one of the legal responsibilities of an executor.

Ah, but here's the rub. Being an executor is not a job with which most of us
have familiarity. Most executors don't know what work needs to be done and
must consult an attorney to learn the ropes.

Being an executor also carries with it the burden of fiduciary duty.
As a result, the executor(trix) actually has an obligation to seek
competent help for matters in which they are not adequately qualified.
Failure to do so could result in breach of duty (for which ignorance
is not a valid defense). Perhaps the smallest and simplest of estates
do not need an attorney's help, but the majority of the ones I have
encountered were greatly aided by legal counsel.

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Gil Faver
Posted: Fri Aug 08, 2008 12:27 am
Guest
"Elizabeth Richardson" <erichktn@worldnet.att.net> wrote in message
news:GVFmk.294021$SV4.43416@bgtnsc04-news.ops.worldnet.att.net...
Quote:

"Don" <dwzimm@telus.net> wrote in message
news:2008080623134950878-dwzimm@telusnet...
On 2008-08-06 18:30:35 -0700, Rich Carreiro <rlc-news@rlcarr.com> said:

In most estates, the work involved is not all that demanding, and it can
be done by someone without much experience. Unless unexpected
complications arise, the costs of legal work can be held to a minimum. In
fact, preservation of the estate's assets and making sure the heirs
receive as much as possible is one of the legal responsibilities of an
executor.

Ah, but here's the rub. Being an executor is not a job with which most of
us have familiarity. Most executors don't know what work needs to be done
and must consult an attorney to learn the ropes.

Elizabeth Richardson

Yes, but in that case the executor is acting as an executor, and getting
legal advice. The attorney is giving legal advice, and not acting as an
executor. Just like the accountant is not acting as the executor; just as
the tax preparer is not acting as the executor, just as the real estate
broker is not acting as the executor, just as the plumber is not acting as
the executor . . .

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Don
Posted: Fri Aug 08, 2008 12:27 am
Guest
On 2008-08-07 10:15:14 -0700, "Elizabeth Richardson"
<erichktn@worldnet.att.net> said:

Quote:
Ah, but here's the rub. Being an executor is not a job with which most of us
have familiarity. Most executors don't know what work needs to be done and
must consult an attorney to learn the ropes.

Usually what needs to be done and how to do it can be learned without
too much effort. There are good self-help books available on how to
serve as an executor. Bear in mind that an executor gets paid for the
work done. People will go to great lengths to save money when buying a
car or a new lawn mower, or renovating a house. They will even drive
for hours all over town to find the grocery with the lowest price on
foods. Why not invest a little effort in learning about the duties of
an executor and thereby save many thousands of dollars that otherwse
would be paid to someone else?

If an estate is complicated, or if there are disputes among the heirs,
by all means consult an attorney. Then, that attorney can be paid the
usual legal fee for whatever work is done. Similarly, if there are tax
issues, consult a tax expert. But it is not necessary to give up the
role of executor because someone with special expertise is needed.

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Don
Posted: Fri Aug 08, 2008 12:27 am
Guest
On 2008-08-07 11:47:23 -0700, kastnna <kastnna@auburnalum.org> said:

Quote:
Being an executor also carries with it the burden of fiduciary duty.
As a result, the executor(trix) actually has an obligation to seek
competent help for matters in which they are not adequately qualified.
Failure to do so could result in breach of duty (for which ignorance
is not a valid defense). Perhaps the smallest and simplest of estates
do not need an attorney's help, but the majority of the ones I have
encountered were greatly aided by legal counsel.

You are absolutely right. The executor has a fiduciary duty to preserve

the assets of the estate. And in many cases that means making the right
financial decisions, which usually is outside an attorney's area of
expertise.
The key phrase in your statement is "an attorney's help." By all means
get legal help as it is needed for legal problems. But it is not
necessary to turn over everything to an attorney (or to a bank, for
that matter), who then may charge a substantial amount of money for
small tasks that could easily be done by one of the heirs acting as
executor. That would indeed be wasting money, failing in one's
fiduciary duty.

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kastnna
Posted: Fri Aug 08, 2008 6:32 am
Guest
On Aug 7, 6:09 pm, Don <dwz...@telus.net> wrote:

Quote:
You are absolutely right. The executor has a fiduciary duty to preserve
the assets of the estate. And in many cases that means making the right
financial decisions, which usually is outside an attorney's area of
expertise.
The key phrase in your statement is "an attorney's help." By all means
get legal help as it is needed for legal problems. But it is not
necessary to turn over everything to an attorney (or to a bank, for
that matter), who then may charge a substantial amount of money for
small tasks that could easily be done by one of the heirs acting as
executor. That would indeed be wasting money, failing in one's
fiduciary duty.

Agreed. Serving as executor not only gives one the chance to assists
the deceased and beneficiaries, but it also provides valuable insight
into the process. This helps immensley when planning your own estate.
It would be foolish to just pass-off that opportunity.

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